Echeloned DSR according to Tuuanen et al

Introduction

Given the complexity of DSR projects, Tuunanen et. al. (2024) ^[1] propose a rethinking of DSR based on the theory of hierarchical, multi-level systems. This involves decomposing a complex DSR project into specifically defined, self-contained intermediate units - which we refer to as "echelons", following the theory of hierarchical systems (Mesarovic et al., 1970). In an echelon-oriented approach, we decompose a (larger) problem into a hierarchy of logical sub-problems. We create solutions to such subproblems, which serve as intermediate results that can be developed, validated and communicated independently. In combination, such intermediate results contribute to the overall solution.

Echelons are essentially organisational units that the DSR researcher is free to choose according to his or her understanding and choice of how to decompose a problem. To further conceptualise the echeloned DSR (eDSR) methodology, we distinguish five types of design echelons. One form of type formation is to differentiate design echelons as they combine specific analysis/design and validation activities related to a specific intermediate state of the artefact:

Problem analysis—contributing the problem statement, Objectives and requirements definition—contributing design requirements, Design and development—contributing a projectable solution design, Demonstration—contributing an illustrative instance of the artifact (in an artificial or natural context), and Evaluation—contributing the contextualized artifact in use.